Types of Enteral Feeding 

Enteral feeding, also known as tube feeding, is a method of nutrition that enters directly into the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding the mouth and esophagus. This form of feeding is used when a person can’t consume enough nutrients orally but still has a functioning digestive system. Through the enteral feeding tube, a specialised liquid that contains all the essential nutrients is delivered directly into the stomach or small intestine. There are over 300 medical conditions that require feeding through tubes making it essential for caregivers to understand what they are and how they function. 

Enteral feeding tubes may be seen as an invasive form of nutrition management but in Australia approximately 50,000 people rely on these tubes to receive effective nutrients. 

Most common Types of Enteral feeding Tubes

There are three common types of feeding tubes. They are separated by where they are inserted, but all serve the same purpose: ensuring the user has the appropriate amount of nutrients. 

Nasogastric Tube (NG)

An NG tube is flexible and inserted through the nose, down the esophagus and into the stomach. This form of enteral feeding is mostly used for short-term cases.

Gastrostomy Tube (G)

A G tube is placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall and is used for longer term feeding.

Jejunostomy Tube (J)

The J tube is placed into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) through the abdominal wall. This tube is used when stomach feeding isn’t possible or when there is a risk of aspiration. 

How is an Enteral Feeding Tube Inserted? 

For caregivers, understanding how an enteral feeding tube is inserted is essential to providing effective and compassionate care. The insertion process depends on the type of tube: nasogastric (NG) tubes are inserted through the nose and guided into the stomach, often at the bedside, while more long-term options like gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) are surgically placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Jejunostomy tubes are inserted directly into the small intestine through the abdominal wall. 

This procedure is conducted under sedation or anesthesia and is usually done in a hospital setting. Post-insertion, caregivers play a vital role in maintaining tube cleanliness and monitoring the insertion site (if any), ensuring proper nutrition delivery, monitoring for signs of infection or displacement, and providing emotional support to the patient throughout the process.

Understanding the process of enteral feeding tube insertion can help carers provide better care and maintenance, as well as recognise potential risks and complications if they occur.

Possible Risks and Complications of Enteral Feeding 

Enteral feeding is generally safe and effective, but caregivers should be aware of the possible risks and complications that can arise.

One common issue is tube displacement or blockage, which can interfere with the delivery of nutrition and medications. Infection at the insertion site — particularly with gastrostomy or jejunostomy tubes — is another concern and requires vigilant monitoring for redness, swelling, or discharge. 

Aspiration, where stomach contents enter the lungs, can occur if the patient is not positioned properly during feeding, leading to serious respiratory complications such as pneumonia. 

Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation may also occur, often due to the rate of feeding, formula intolerance, or tube misplacement. Over time, skin irritation or pressure sores may develop around the insertion site if not properly cared for. Caregivers play a crucial role in recognising early signs of these complications and coordinating promptly with healthcare providers to prevent further health risks.

How to Care for and Maintain Feeding Tubes

After the feeding tube is inserted, caregivers must closely monitor it to ensure it remains functional and safe. This includes regularly checking the tube's placement before each feeding or medication administration, especially with nasogastric tubes, to prevent accidental misplacement into the lungs. 

Carers should also inspect the insertion site for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, discharge, or foul odour, and report any abnormalities to a healthcare provider immediately. It’s important to keep the area clean and dry, following any wound care instructions provided by medical staff.

Additionally, caregivers should watch for signs of tube blockage — such as resistance during feeding — or leakage around the site, which could indicate dislodgement or malfunction. Maintaining accurate records of feedings, flushes, and any complications helps ensure the patient receives consistent and effective care.

Conclusion 

Enteral feeding plays a critical role in supporting individuals who are unable to meet their nutritional needs through traditional eating, yet still possess a functioning digestive system. It’s essential for caregivers to be well-informed about the different types of feeding tubes, their insertion procedures, potential risks, and proper maintenance practices.

While enteral feeding can present challenges, understanding how to manage the tubes effectively — from monitoring for complications to ensuring proper hygiene — empowers caregivers to provide safe, compassionate, and life-sustaining care. 

Ultimately, knowledge and vigilance are key to improving patient outcomes and quality of life in those who depend on this essential form of nutritional support.

How Can We Help You? 

At Atlas McNeil Healthcare Community we offer a range of supplies like enteral feeds, syringes and tubes to help you provide the most effective and supportive care possible. 

Explore our range of Enteral Feeding Supplies here